Female Musicians and Sound Art Essay Example For Students

Female Musicians and Sound Art Essay Sound is the essence of nature which the elements of nature and the living creatures are moving, vibrating, touching and express themselves through sound. Sound is existing each an every animals and humans which they are communicating through sound and reflecting emotions by their own voices. Human became more intelligent on collecting the sounds from the environment and modifying it through electronics. Sound is collaborating with visual patterns and it is a concept of aesthetic experience both combined with distinction of pure sounds in nature and a sculpture that gives a form to it. Sound art is inter-disciplinary with nature and shape the sounds of the nature through human body as an instrument and the sound is reached to a form with the help of synthesizers, midi keyboards, audio recording devices and electronic music programs in computers. Many sound artists are utilizing these electronic devices because they need to keep sound of nature in a pattern which is echoed in our ears and spread out between the walls. There are dominant and successful women artists all over the world which they are encountered with artistic discipline and sound installation through electro-acoustic progression which help them to explore the unlimited sound in the world. I would like to talk about some of the female sound artists throughout the world and the ones that i met in lectures, who had been inspired me in a way of comprehending sound as a material that expands with the concept of visual arts. Setting a sound was difficult for me before meeting with sound artists but now, their works have inspired me as interrogating what human ultimately reach in the existence of sound and how mystical the nature is. In our sound art lectures, i have been encountered with successful and feisty women sound artists such as Basak Gunak, Tuna Pase, Maya Felixbroadt and Burcin Elmas. These women are elaborating their piece of art with the joy of comprehending the nature and reaching to the organic sound. It has been a great pleasure for me to listen and analyze all the works that they did and i observed a common characteristics in all: bold spirit, collaboration with the people to improve in holistic way and creativity that fractures the shell to reach beyond the space. These female sound artists in Turkey are reflecting their expressions and thoughts with multidisciplinary forms of sound art such as electro-acoustics, psycho-acoustics, electronics and their own voice as multi-faceted instrument. I had a chance to meet and observe some of the women sound artists and their works on electronic based devices, also with the acoustic sound of the instruments they used. The connection in their works that i found is that the sound is filling with space and has spiritual dimension. The sound techniques are blended with their own voice and it creates a harmonious rhythm which is explored throughout their unlimited search in self-awareness. The common feature of those women artists is that they are devoted to compose a piece that is reflecting the inner world and integrated with the nature by improvising. Electro-acoustics play a big role in reaching to sound particularly and these women are screaming for nature itself to flow endlessly. There should be a knowledge on using synthesisers and other electronic music devices to form a sound which seems that every sound artist is generating the sounds as if giving a voice to mechanics. Each of them are still searching the purification of sounds they are using and how to configure the sounds with the visual dynamics. Basak Gunak is a cross-disciplinary artist and â€Å"she is doing research of how sound bounce off the walls and between bodies, follow the realm of inorganic beings; just like 0how planets and cosmos work (1). She is accepted Master of Arts and studied ‘Sound Engineering Design’ in Istanbul Teknik University. She did research about social and cultural systems through site-specific sound compositions and installations. She is doing live performances and created â€Å"Ah! Kosmos† which she later on released her first album â€Å"Flesh† in 2013. During her search of her own music, she made compositions and sound design to contemporary dance, short-films and site specific performances in some art places including Rotterdamse Schouwburg,18th Istanbul International Theater Festival (IKSV), ARENA Theater Festival Nurnberg, Venice ElectroFestival (1). She performed in Berlin CTM Festival, Rock’n Coke 2013, Venice ElectroFestival,Budapest Punkurica Festival, Piknik Elektronik in Brussels, City Sonic Festival in Mons and completed a tour in Italy in January 2014. She currently has invited to Redbull Music Academy 2014 in Tokyo to perform her imbalanced sound compositions and improvisational pieces. She described the Academy as a collaboration between sound artists who enjoy performing together and create a harmonious atmosphere. It is obvious that she is inspired by the people who has no fear in expressing emotions and she persists on improving the compositions she made, which shows she is fearless in discovering fresh and new sounds. Her works deliberately designed on music compositions, sound design and improvisations as experimental sounds. She also did site specific sound composition such as â€Å" Yerlesik Bilinc† with Tugce Tuna in IKSV 18th Theatre Festival in 2013. The sound in this composition is very minimal sound patterns and made me felt that a exhaling some sort of congestion. Moreover, she designed sound to ‘Camel 100th Annual Celebration Interactive Mapping’ and did foley design the short-movie called â€Å"Sessiz† in 2012. There are other sound designs that she did to movies such as â€Å"Tolerans†, â€Å"Gece Vardiyasi(2011)† and ambience design for the movie â€Å"Topragin Cocuklari(2012)†, â€Å"Simdiki Zaman(2011). In addition to the sound designs she made, she also did music compositions such â€Å"Liminality†(2013) which is an audio-visual installation and â€Å"Stones vs. Birds†(2012) performing with Tugce Tuna in Rotterdamse Schouwburg. She has many compositions and sound design that has interaction with other sound artists. On the stage, she prefers solo performance and sometimes work with two people; Ovunc Dan who is playing the guitar and Gizem Aksu who provides live visual effects on sounds. They represent themselves as â€Å"uber live’. (2) She uses Ableton and on the stage Ableton Live. Sometimes with help of a synthesizer, she composed multi-faceted rhythms. As an example of a complex song, ‘Melting into Rise’ might be a creation of underground spirit. Her friend companied her and singed opera. The piece has artistic values and aesthetic in a way that all is blowing in the wind. Her works involves space sounds and inexpressible suffering of a emotional disturbance. She depicts her works as the holes in our bodies, a wound and asymmetrical patterns. From her album â€Å"Flesh† a song which is totally cleaned the rust in my ear, is called â€Å"Anneannemin Koah’si†. There are multiple electronic elements in her works and it gives a feeling of flying. To give an example of her improvisational composition, â€Å" Ahlar Agaci† is an electropoetic type of work which is dedicated to Didem Budak. The lyrics has emotional values which the sound itself is atmospheric and disorientated in my ears. She definitely has an immense vision of understanding the sound patterns and her works touches the soul like a luminous light. Tuna Pase is a sound artists who engages with electro-acoustic composition, sound design, improvisation, song writing and ethnomusicology. She began making music when she hear the flute in an orchestra. She is amused by the timbre of flute which she began to learn flute. She also plays electronics, percussive instruments and she sings. â€Å"Her music is inspired from sleeping, dreams, food, nature, poetry, photography, street art, bicycles, Istanbul and Jerusalem. †(3) While she is performing live, she is improvising and reconstructing the elements in electro-acoustic manner. She thinks improvisation is what makes her compositions and she likes to collaborate with other sound artists and musicians. She studied Musicology in her Bachelor of Arts and ethnomusicology in her Master of Arts programme. She recently studies on Sound Engineering an Design in Istanbul Teknik University. She still teaching ethnomusicology, electronic music in universities such as Bilgi, Yeditepe and Marmara. Also, she is conducting workshops on sound and performance and give inspiration to young kids. â€Å"She performs in concerts and festivals, and participates in projects and workshops in Europe (France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland), the United States, Israel and Turkey. † The Soundtrack of My Life EssayIt is controversial whether her work has musical value or not, but her aim might be only capturing the natural sounds and their interpretation of symbolical and her sound is motivated through particular detail in happenings of life. As an example of human and environmental soundscape, her work called; ‘Love Hate’ is consisting a series of words which are referred to love and hate relationship. It is a stereo spoken word piece and not as a music but as a natural occurrence, it has background sound of cars and traffic and stereo sounds of human voices that continuously declaring words. Kim Walker is keeping her tracks in natural and daily voices of life forms. Johanna Bramli is a sound artist, composer and performer. She is a founding member of Metahub which is an interdisciplinary platform for international, real-time, artistic and cultural meta communication. (9) She lights the way for music by sensory experiences, audience interaction and space perception. She is known as professional musician, performer and constructs her work of art with pop, rock and electronic genres of music. She has compositions, visual performances, site-specific installations and acoustical elements in her works. Her interests are sound textures which developed with vocal compositions and sound manipulations. She has lots of compositions that’s heavily based on sound installation. Her interesting work called â€Å"BeeHive† is constructed by the idea of creating small door installation. (10) It is structured by sound of bees which she expressed her thoughts based upon the idea of echoing. Actually bees are not existing but the echoing in the beehive and the glitches of the sound which another distorted sound is existing like a creaking sound. It sounds irritable sometimes but the idea of distance between voices is meaningful. Her work entitled â€Å"Atom† is an atmospheric sound and evokes a feeling of internalization of the space. â€Å"It is performed with 8-channel audio surrounding system. It is based on two fundamental sound sources; the human voice and the sine wave – one organic, one processed† (10). Each sound implies one another, creating a dynamic harmony and the frequency that correlated within the two human. Sound is quite meditative and some combination of sounds are motivating the dark tonality. The sound is etherial and the harmony is flooding with softness of the voices. The repetitive back voice(echoing and inhaling human voice) might be capturing the sensitivity of one’s own body and represents the madness of a fragile soul. Caterina Barbieri is an Italian composer and performer. She has been playing guitar and had a bachelor degree on Electroacoustic Music in Conservatory in Bologna. Her a thesis is about 3D spatialisation and the perception of time, space and sound spectrum in vertical music. She is also actively participating in audiovisual performances. She is a lecturer which she is currently teaching music. Moreover, she has been performed in various festivals of experimental music in Europe. She has a few albums which her debut album is named â€Å"Vertical†. She composed the songs in the album by Buchla Modular Synthesizer, also including vocals. She emphasizes on electro-acoustic and minimal bass sounds. She utilizes modular synthesis, three-dimensional spatialisation and psychoacoustic aural sculpture. From my perspective, she creates a dynamic spatial patterns of sound waves and i referred her music as loud, systematic, unequal timbres of synth loops, intense and expression of space sounds. Her music arises from a meditation on primary waveforms, microtonality and the polyrhythm of harmonics, on the boundary between drone, minimalism and techno in multichannel listening environments. Her minimalistic focus is also rooted in the exploration of the stratigraphic potential of voltage-controlled synthesizers, in terms of polyrhythm and polyphony† (12). Her works are; Segreto(a composition that combined cello and voice). It consists of two pieces; ‘Perlo’ and â€Å"Rose’. The work generates an atmospheric sound. Another work of her is called â€Å"Ruota† which means wheel in Italian. It consists of subsequent linear progression. It is generated through voltage-controlled sequencers and reflecting multidimensionality. The piece sounds like an inside of a machine, where the controllers lost their way in interrelated patterns of microwaves. She definitely experience a spectrum of thoughts and underlying tha chaos of different waves of sound. She uses her voice in the example of her work called; ‘Polaris’ which gives a dark sensation and the signals in each machinery sound creates a tension between sounds and the intensity of rhythmic patterns are growing as the flow is becoming progressive. For me, her works are unique and unusual because of her capability to use synthesizer and various sound waves influence me in a multi-dimensional ambience. There are certain drone rhythmic patterns which contributes to my comprehension of each sounds in a systematical and cognitive way. The things that she said had influenced me in understanding her aim and her vision on music: â€Å"Immersive listening experiences with multichannel systems greatly advance our cognitive and auditory comprehension of music. After a certain exposure to the sounds, the spectral spaces underlying the fundamental tones, at first almost ‘inivisible’, come to our consciousness, enlighting an hidden perceptive dimension, that may not be specified in a score but still exists in the mind and in the body of the listener. Such a listening process may enlighten the listener to live the music as an infinitely changing experience (not only as a form), where she/he takes an active position, even a performative role. One can investigate the density of the harmonics and the secrets of their variations in time. One can move the skull horizontally and vertically to evaluate how the perception of the spectrum varies in space; cranial movement offers alternative aural perceptions due to the filtering, phasing and reflection’s phenomena depending on the angular incidence of the wavefronts on one’s ears(13). All these women are confidently and delicately keep walking on their ways of discovering sound, combining sound with visuals,nature and philosophy, have courageous impact on mixing different sonic patterns and see themselves, also their music as multi-faceted instruments. Especially turkish women sound artists are dominant in arranging sounds and expanding these sounds with sites and visual performances. They are very creative and educated well with the techniques and methods of composing a work of art with natural sounds and mostly integrating the sound with their voices. Each of the turkish sound artist are generated their own works by manifesting their motives, emotions and based upon the meaning that attributes to their authentic thoughts. Alternatively, the other sound artists from different places of the world; they are creating a unique sonic structures by themselves, as they practised more on electronic based instruments and programs. They manifested the sound as a living organism which fractures inside at first, then reproduce by polyphonic patterns, various tonalities and spread out with multi-dimensional sound waves. Each of these sound artists are very strong, powerful on designing sounds and limitless in creating different and unusual patterns of sound which they are experiencing it through the perception of space, action and formation. I am so happy and feel joyful about doing the research of and comprehending these authentic, original and creative women sound artist. Their works influenced me on breaking the frame of routine and avoiding rigid sounds. Their work is different, out of order and multi-faceted that varied in electro-acoustic, and and psycho-acoustic approach. They are independent and self-deterministic on a way that each sound has been created out of different perception, motivation and sensation of both the physical and internal world. Bibliography: 1. http://ahkosmos.com/about/ 2. http://www.basakgunak.com/works/ 3. http://about.me/tuna.pase 4. http://www.pninax.com/ 5. http://burcinelmas.com/short-bio/ 6. http://burcinelmas.com/cv/ 7. http://burcinelmas.com/160/dryad-metempsychosis/ 8. http://www.kimwalkerart.co.uk/Artist-Statement 9. https://ekhofemalesound.wordpress.com/2014/11/18/johanna-bramli/ 10. site composition examples; http://www.johannabramli.com/site/compositions/ 11. https://ekhofemalesound.wordpress.com/2014/11/18/johanna-bramli/ 12. http://www.caterinabarbieri.com/bio/ 13. https://ekhofemalesound.wordpress.com/2014/11/18/caterina-barbieri/

Itc problems free essay sample

What problems do you think ITC is going to face in the future due to ban in cigarette advertising? Answer ITCs cigarettes are manufactured in state-of-the-art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur, Kolkata and Pune, with cutting-edge technology ; excellent work practices benchmarked to the best globally. An efficient supply-chain ; distribution network reaches Indias popular brands across the length breadth of the country. ecause the government want to reduce the number of people that smoke in the interest of public safety. there is a cost involved to the comunity as a result of illness caused by smoking and by reducing advertisement the uptake of smoking is reduced and the giving up of smoking becomes easier for those that wish to do so. Because Government thinks it knows what is best for you, like it or not. – 2. How uncontrollable is the legal environment in the case of ITC cigarette operations in India?Should they lobby to lift the ban on cigarette advertising? If no, how should they promote their brand? Answer: The phenomenon of Climate change, a result of global warming, is caused principally by large-scale emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). We will write a custom essay sample on Itc problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Global warming exacerbates the challenges of poverty and environmental degradation and poses a threat of far reaching consequences. ITC has been at the forefront of corporate Indias initiatives to progressively reduce Green House Gas emissions.Its businesses continue to enlarge the Companys positive carbon footprint through energy conservation, use of renewable sources of energy and identifying ways of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change caused by global warming. ITC has implemented several CDM projects under the Kyoto Protocol and ensured carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration through large-scale social and farm forestry initiatives. ITC has proactively aligned its strategies and joined international efforts in mitigating/delaying the adverse impacts of climate change.All ITC businesses strive to minimize energy consumption and wherever possible use environment friendly sources of energy. Sequestration is a scientifically well-established technique to reduce the total carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ITCs social and farm forestry initiatives have created a green cover of over 125,000 hectares, consolidating its position as a Carbon Positive corporation for six years in a row. ITC invests significantly in research and development to create clonal saplings that are disease resistant, grow faster, and have higher survival rates.These are provided to farmers to enable them to convert their private degraded wastelands into viable pulpwood plantations. In addition, it provides sustainable raw material sources for the Companys Paperboards business, and also creates livelihood opportunities for disadvantaged tribals and farmers in rural areas. This initiative has already created 56 million person days of employment. Energy efficiency practices of ITC have helped in achieving world-class standards of energy utilisation in several units. Through a rigorous process of audits supported by benchmarking, specific energy consumption has been reduced year on year. 30. 9 % of ITC’s energy consumption is from renewable sources. Flowing from its commitment to the triple bottom line philosophy, ITC has chosen Wind Energy as a focus area for enhancing its positive environmental footprint. The Company has already invested in wind energy generation in Tamil Nadu to meet the requirements of its Packaging business in Chennai. This 14 megawatt Clean Energy Initiative has delivered performance parameters which exceed original projections.Rainwater Harvesting both at the Company premises and through external watershed development projects in socially relevant areas have consolidated ITCs water positive status for 9 consecutive years. Total rainwater harvesting potential so far developed by the Company is more than 2 times the total water consumed by its operations. Solid Waste Recycling Positive Solid Waste Recycling Positive Waste management, in India, is an area of serious concern, with significant proportions of waste being disposed through land filling and dumping.Most landfills and dumping sites are serious health hazards to people living in the neighbourhood and can also cause soil and water contamination. Cigarette factories at Bengaluru, Saharanpur, Munger and Kolkata, Leaf Threshing Units at Chirala ; Anaparti, Paperboards ; Specialty Paper Units at Tribeni, the ITC Green Centre at Gurgaon, Surya Nepals Cigarette factory at Simra, and ITC Hotels Maurya, Maratha, Grand Central, Sonar, Windsor, Mughal, Kakatiya Sheraton Hotels New Delhi Rajputana reused/ recycled almost the entire waste generated (more than 99%) out of their operations.

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buy custom IT Governance essay How does the description of IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia differ from those presented by Weill and Ross (2004)? IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia describes the importance of the principles, as well as, lessons of good corporate governance being replicated in the individual IT governance mechanisms laid down for the institution (Ali and Green, 2007). These mechanisms encourage a set of behavior, which encourages behavior that goes hand in hand with the companys mission, values, strategy, and norms (Ali and Green, 2007). On the other hand, Weill and Ross determine that, managers should focus in designing, implementing, and communicating the IT governance processes (Weill Ross, 2005). Furthermore, IT governance incorporates five important decision domains: infrastructure, investment decisions, prioritization, IT principles, infrastructure and business application needs (Weill Ross, 2005). IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia, cautions the implementation of the above mechanisms; the nature of organizations is essential in showing how effective mechanisms are (Ali and Green, 2007). However, Weill and Ross explain six archetypal approaches applied in IT governance: IT monarchy, business monarchy, feudal, federal, duopoly, and anarchy (Weill Ross, 2005). The two recommend guidance in effective IT governance design. One needs to identify the companys needs for autonomy and synergy, establish the role played by organization structure, pick the desirable IT-related behaviors, and then design IT governance on a single page (Weill Ross, 2005). How does the description of IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia differ from the claims of the case study material from the COBIT site: Solo Cup Uses COBIT to Develop IT Policies? IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia describes the importance of the principles, as well as, lessons of good corporate governance being replicated in the individual IT governance mechanisms laid down for the institution (Ali and Green, 2007). These mechanisms encourage a set of behavior, which encourages behavior that goes hand in hand with the companys mission, values, strategy, and norms (Ali and Green, 2007). On the other hand, COBIT stipulates an effective set of guidelines that make sure IT policies show enough coverage of common control objectives. These guidelines also identify control gaps. The control elements have the correct content, depth, as well as breadth that would ensure compliance with the control objective put down by COBIT. IT governance mechanisms in Public Sector organizations in Australia, cautions the implementation of the above mechanisms; the nature of organizations is essential in showing how effective mechanisms are. In its part, the COBIT framework narrowed the process of coming up with a comprehensive set of the policies. Without COBIT, time and energy would have been wasted. Buy custom IT Governance essay

Identifying Stakeholders and Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Identifying Stakeholders and Interests - Essay Example This organization is mainly concerned with the creations of fair systems of trade that would benefit the farm workers and ensure that they get fair remuneration. It conducts research on the various aspects related to farm workers to ensure that they get satisfaction from their work efforts (Fair Trade, 2010). It is clear that this organization has concerns on the interests of farmers and thus, it supports the labor laws. The stakeholders that are also associated with labor laws are those in the Office of Disability Employment Policy. The stakeholders in this case wish to change the systems used in employing and addressing the issues that affect the people with disability. They have suggested the things incorporations for the systems to change effectively. The first thing to change is the elimination of the disincentives in the federal programs. These disincentives have been detrimental to the people with disabilities and in turn, it violates the law on inclusion of all regardless of race, state of ability or ethnicity. The other thing that needs attention is the collaboration and synchronization of the federal programs (ODEP, 2010). The stakeholders in this department have the aim of improving the efficiency of labor laws meaning that they support the labor laws. The National Mediation Board (NMB) is also an organization built to address the issues that affect human capital. However, this organization has some political issues surrounding it and thus, it does not support the labor laws. The first issue in this organization is that all the senior members have reached the retirement age. This means that the organization does not protect the interests of the young who are unemployed and could fill the management positions when given the chance. This organization is also weak in its procurement procedures and thus does not obey the existing labor laws. It should therefore be changed for it to meet the labor laws (Smith & Erez, 2011). The stakeholders at

International business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International business - Personal Statement Example As an undergraduate student I have been able to get the most out of my academic experience through the boundless knowledge that has been offered to me by my professors, something that should be noted, is not available in the simple purchase of a textbook. The academic lessons offered to me have increased my understanding of the business world and molded my marketing perspectives to views that I consider unique and will play a big role in my career in the future. The next step in my path is the subject of International business, and I would like to continue my personal and academic growth with this respected base of education. I believe that I will be able to get the most out of my learning experiences if I am surrounded by not only what I see as familiar, but progressive surroundings as well. I have a great resolve to succeed in life, and I hold firm in my belief that this institution would be the best means of my doing that. I hope that you will humbly consider my application to continue with my education in your prestigious

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Example for Free

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sophocles were three men who tried to show the world that unjust laws hurt all of society, and all three tried what they thought would be the remedy to such injustice.   King even gave his life to the cause of overcoming unjust laws.   I feel that all of them made good points and should be remembered for their great works, but I think that Antigone by Sophocles is the most effective because she actually gives her life for the cause that she feels is unjust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the start of the play, Antigone states that she will die young. Leave me and my ill counsel to endure This dreadful doom. I shall not suffer aught So evil as a death dishonourable. (Sophocles Ll. 109-111) Antigone’s brother, Polynices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   , has been killed while at war with his brother for the controlling power of Thebes.   Creon, Antigone’s uncle and now the king of Thebes, has decreed that Polynices cannot have a burial, unlike his brother, Eteocles.   His body must lie out in the open where the birds and the elements take a toll on his remains, and anyone who tries to burry him will be stoned.   Antigone is distraught, not only because of her brother’s death, but by this dishonorable deed decree which is now law.   Therefore she knows from the start that she will receive the ultimate punishment for what she knows that she has to do.   As Antigone explained to her sister, Ismene, while trying to convince her that she should also help with the burial, she must answer to higher powers than the king.   This is much like Dr. Martin Luther King’s philosophy. But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I. compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. (King)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone and King suffered from injustices bestowed on them by birth.   Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, who were not only man and wife, but mother and son.   She was cursed at birth for the atrocity of her parent’s sin.   King was born an African American during the time when prejudice was at the heart of the moral fiber in southern America.   They could not escape their trials.   Henry David Thoreau was born into privilege.   The few sufferings he endured were self imposed.   That does not mean that he was less of an honorable man.   He did choose to stand up for the injustice he saw in the laws of the land. He had never been a slave, and yet he went to jail because he refused to pay taxes to a government that would uphold the hideous institution of slavery.   Like Antigone, he made a conscious decision to break the law that he knew in his heart to be unjust.   If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they have already done in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a greater extent than the State requires. If they pay the tax from a mistaken interest in the individual taxed, to save his property, or prevent his going to jail, it is because they have not considered wisely how far they let their private feelings interfere with the public good. (Thoreau)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone, despite the order from her king, uncle, and future father-in-law, decides to give her brother an honorable burial even though her Ismene has declined to help her and to obey the law.   When it is discovered by Creon who the culprit of this crime is, she willingly admits to what she has done as do King and Thoreau when they are charged for their unjust crimes.   The major difference is that Antigone will face certain death.   She sees this as an act of love. There is no baseness in the act which shows our reverence for our kindred.(Ll. 564-5) King was martyred for his beliefs, however, he did not know with certainty that would be the outcome.  Ã‚   Thoreau knew that jail was inevitable, but death was never an issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon, after a fight with his son, decides not to stone Antigone, but to entomb her alive so that she will suffer a slow death.   This sentence is unjust because she only buried her brother.   Creon does not see it as only a burial, but as a treasonous act because she has broken his law.   With all societies, the reason for the punishment of a crime is not for justice, but to make an example of the condemned and to strike fear in all who would seek to follow that same course. Antigone willingly takes her punishment.   She is adamant that her sister, Ismene, will not suffer the same fate as Creon has declared, not because she is concerned for Ismene’s well being, but she feels that Ismene does not deserve to die a martyr’s death since she did not help Antigone in the burial.   Creon decides to spare Ismene, and Antigone readily accepts her fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the soothsayer of Thebes, warns Creon of the wrath from the gods that he will bring down on Thebes, he refuses to listen, and instead curses the old man.   He truly does not want to hear that he might not be in the right.   Many times in today’s society leaders are the same way.   They would rather go down and take a country down with them than admit that they were wrong. Creon, out of fear, orders that Antigone be released.   The sentry return only to tell him that Antigone has killed herself by hanging and that Haemon was also in the tomb mourning her.   Creon goes to the tomb himself and finds Haemon wailing about Antigone’s death.   He strikes at his father, but misses.   Then he turns the sword on himself and takes his own life.   Eurydice, Creon’s wife and Haemon’s mother, hears of her son’s suicide and stabs herself.   Creon is then told of his wife’s suicide and her body is brought before him.   He is so grief stricken that he prays for death. Woe! woe! alas! I shudder in my fear: Will no one strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1496 A deadly blow with sharp two-edgà ¨d sword? Fearful my fate, alas! And with a fearful woe full sore beset. (Ll. 1495-99) There are two major themes in Antigone as well as several minor ones.   One of the themes is that when an unjust law is permitted to exist, there are tragic results for all of the citizens of that society.   Many will pay the price for the atrocity.   Millions of slaves paid the price of slavery while thousands paid the ultimate price for civil rights in the nineteen sixties.   The other major theme is that it takes a brave soul to turn around the injustices of the law.   Antigone paid for the wrong done to her brother, but she also brought forth the sympathy of the citizens of Thebes. This gave them courage in the face of adversity.   Thoreau had only a few followers when he introduced the idea of civil disobedience but it has survived the test of time.   Since it was first published, numerous individuals and groups have looked to his teaching as an example of making their voice heard.   Of course King’s work brought the idea for civil rights for all people to the forefront.   The freedoms that all Americans hold dear today are possible in part because of his actions. Lead me, then, forth,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1524 vain shadow that I am, Who slew thee, O my son, unwittingly, And thee, too—(O my sorrow)—and I know not Which way to look. All near at hand is turned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1528 Aside to evil; and upon my head There falls a doom far worse than I can bear.(Ll. 1524-30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three men, Thoreau, King, and Sophocles left their mark on the world when it came to resistance to unjust laws of society.   Over time they have inspired many to do the same.   Sometimes these ideas have been met with success, and other times they have been unsuccessful.   However, when a life is lost for a cause, the results are eternal and it is hard for the martyr to be forgotten.   That is why Antigone is the most effective example as the response to the unjust law. Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. April 16, 1963, Nobel Prizes. June 7, 2007, http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html Sophocles. Antigone. 1909-14. Bartleby Harvard Classics. June 7, 2007, http://www.bartleby.com/8/6/1.html Thoreau, Henry David. Civil Disobedience. 1849, The Art Bin Origo. June 7, 2007, http://art-bin.com/art/odisob.html

The Angers of the Rich :: Character Analysis, Buchanan

Paul Krugman discusses topics including anger, wealth, self-pity, and self-righteousness in his article, â€Å"The Angry Rich.† All of these characteristics are reflected in the character Tom Buchanan, from The Great Gatsby. Tom, who depicts himself as an imperious man, puts himself above everyone just because he has money. In The Great Gatsby, money rules the society from where you live, whom you’re friends with, and even the way people look at you. Tom and Daisy both think of themselves as exclusive compared to everyone else and put themselves above the rules. Tom has a mistress, Myrtle, she isn’t the most appealing woman, but it is enough to fuel the fire of Tom’s ego. The Great Gatsby illustrates Tom getting irritated and angry while driving to the city as a result of noticing the relationship between Daisy and Gatsby, and no one informing him of it: â€Å"Did you see that?† †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You think I’m pretty dumb, don’t you?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ He paused. The immediate contingency overtook him, pulled him back from the edge of the theoretical abyss† (121). Tom is starting to catch on that Daisy might be cheating on him with Gatsby, but he has no right to be upset; he is doing the same thing with Myrtle! Tom’s realization also supports his beliefs in rules not applying to him because he is higher than everyone else. Jordan Baker, one of Daisy’s friends, sums up Tom’s feelings toward Gatsby in one statement: â€Å"Listen, Tom. If you’re such a snob, why did you invite him to lunch?† demanded Jordan crossly† (122). If Tom has â€Å"made a small investigation of this fellow† (122); and concludes that he doesn’t like him, then why does he invite him places and attend his party? Before Nick goes to dinner with the Buchanans, he fills us in on Tom’s privileged life: â€Å"Her husband†¦a national figure in a way, one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterward savors of anti-climax. His family were enormously wealthy† (Fitzgerald 6). This passage illustrates Tom’s trouble-free access to masses of money. With this money comes power and obviously this power has made Tom feel like he is at liberty to anything. Paul Krugman also states this in his article: â€Å"And among the undeniably rich, a belligerent sense of entitlement has taken hold† Another one of Tom’s amazing traits is having self-pity.